اثر روش موانع شطرنجی کلش بر ویژگی‌های فیزیکی و شیمیایی خاک و کاهش گرد و غبار در اراضی در معرض فرسایش بادی دشت مرغ شهرکرد

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری ، گروه زراعت، دانشگاه شهرکرد.

2 دانشیار، گروه زراعت، دانشگاه شهرکرد.

3 استادیار، گروه مرتع و آبخیزداری، دانشگاه شهرکرد.

4 دانشیار، گروه مرتع و آبخیزداری، دانشگاه شهرکرد.

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: فرسایش بادی یکی از مشکلات جدی در مناطق خشک و نیمه خشک محسوب می‌شود. جهت کنترل فرسایش بادی لازم است اقداماتی در سطح خاک متمرکز گردد. روش موانع شطرنجی کلش به عنوان یک فناوری ارزان، مؤثر و آسان، نقش مهمی در به دام انداختن گرد و غبار داشته و فرسایش بادی را کاهش می‌دهد. بنابراین هدف از این پژوهش بررسی تأثیر روش موانع شطرنجی کلش بر خصوصیات فیزیکی و شیمیایی خاک و کاهش احتمالی گرد و غبار در اراضی در معرض فرسایش بادی دشت مرغ شهرکرد می‌باشد.
مواد و روش‌ها: موانع شطرنجی کلش در دی ماه سال 1396 در بخشی از دشت مرغ در جنوب شهر شهرکرد مرکز استان چهارمحال و بختیاری، به صورت الگوی مربعی 1×1 متر کار گذاشته شدند. کلش ها به صورت عمودی در عمق 15 سانتی‌متر در خاک مدفون و ارتفاعی حدود 20 سانتی‌متر در بالای خاک ایجاد نمودند. این مطالعه در قطعه زمینی به طول 20 متر و عرض 25 متر اجرا شد. مساحتی مشابه از خاک دست نخورده نیز به عنوان شاهد در نظر گرفته شد. به منظور بررسی میزان فرسایش بادی و کنترل آن، تله‌های رسوب‌گیر عمودی با سطح مقطع دایره‌ای از جنس لوله پی وی سی به صورت تصادفی و به تعداد 5 عدد در زمین شاهد، 5 عدد در محدوده اول موانع شطرنجی، 5 عدد در وسط و 5 عدد در آخر زمین در جهت باد غالب کار گذاشته شدند. نمونه‌برداری رسوبات از اواخر تیر ماه آغاز و هر 30 روز یک بار در پنج مرحله صورت گرفت. ارتفاع تله‌ به چهار قسمت 12-0، 24-12، 36-24 و 48-36 سانتی‌متر تقسیم شد و رسوبات جمع‌آوری شده با یکدیگر مقایسه گردید. سرعت و جهت باد نیز در ماه های متناظر اندازه‌گیری و گلباد مربوط به هر ماه رسم شد. داده‌ها به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک کامل تصادفی با 5 تکرار تجزیه شدند. موقعیت قرارگیری به عنوان عامل اول در سه سطح و طبقات رسوب به عنوان عامل دوم در نظر گرفته شدند. طی دو سال متوالی پس از استقرار موانع، خصوصیات خاک شامل پایداری خاکدانه‌ها، درصد سیلت، رس و شن، کربن آلی، نیتروژن کل و فسفر قابل دسترس نیز اندازه‌گیری شد.
یافته‌ها: ایجاد موانع شطرنجی در خاک به طور معنی‌داری میزان رسوب را کاهش داد. این روند در پنج ماه نمونه برداری به ویژه در تله-های موجود در آخر موانع مشاهده شد. سرعت باد برخوردی به موانع و انرژی آن کاهش قابل توجهی یافته، لذا میزان رسوبات در آخر موانع کمترین مقدار بود. همچنین میزان رسوبات در هر سه محدوده اول، وسط و آخر موانع شطرنجی در ماه تیر، مرداد، شهریور و مهر با افزایش طبقه ارتفاعی تله روند کاهشی داشت. اما در آبان ماه رسوبات در ارتفاع‌های ابتدایی افزایش یافته که بیانگر سرعت بالا‌تر باد و جا-به‌جایی ذرات جهشی است. میانگین وزنی قطر خاکدانه در کنار موانع شطرنجی افزایش یافت که ممکن است با افزایش معنی‌دار کربن آلی در کنار موانع مرتبط باشد. میزان کربن آلی، نیتروژن کل و فسفر قابل دسترس خاک نیز تحت تأثیر موانع شطرنجی کلش قرار گرفت و در کنار مربعات افزایش یافت. از سویی ذرات ریز خاک مانند سیلت و رس نیز در مربعات شطرنجی افزایش یافت که احتمالاً مربوط به عدم بارگیری یا افزایش نشست این ذرات می‌باشد.
نتیجه‌گیری: ایجاد روش موانع شطرنجی مقدار رسوبات بادی را نسبت به زمین شاهد به طور قابل توجهی کاهش داد. از سوی دیگر نشست و تثبیت ذرات در موانع افزایش یافت. همچنین این تکنیک سبب بهبود خصوصیات فیزیکی و شیمیایی و افزایش برخی عناصر غذایی خاک گردید که می‌تواند نوید بخش یک میکروکلیمای بهتر برای رشد و استقرار گیاهان و بازگشت تنوع و پایداری به خاک باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of straw checkerboard barriers method on physicochemical properties of soil and dust reduction in lands exposed to wind erosion of “Margh” meadow of Shahrekord

نویسندگان [English]

  • Elahe Ahmadpoor dehkordi 1
  • Ali Abbasi Surki 2
  • Mehdi Pajouhesh 3
  • Pejman Tahmasebi 4
1 Dept. of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture. Shahrekord University
2 Dept. of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture. Shahrekord University
3 Assistant Prof., Faculty of Natural Resource and Earth Science, Shahrekord University
4 Department of Rangeland and Watershed Management, Shahrekord University
چکیده [English]

Background and Objectives: Wind erosion is a serious problem in arid and semi-arid area. In order to control wind erosion , some technical measures should be focused on the soil surface. Straw checkerboard barrier method as a cheap, effective and easy technology plays an important role in trapping dust and reducing wind erosion. Therefore, the objective of this research was to study the effect of straw checkerboard barriers method on physicochemical properties of soil and probable reduction of dust in lands exposed to wind erosion of Shahrekord meadow.
Materials and Methods: Straw checkerboard barriers were arranged in 1 m × 1 m checkerboard pattern in January, 2018 in a part of the “Margh” meadow of Shahrekord, the capital of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province. Rice straw materials were buried in the soil to a depth of 15 cm horizontally and protruded 20 cm above the soil surface. The study was carried out on a 20 × 25 m land area. The same area was also dedicated for control as bare ground. In order to determine the role of this technique on the wind erosion and its control, vertical sediment traps with a circular cross section of PVC pipe (PVC), 5 sediment traps were randomly installed in the bare ground, 5 in the first area of the checkered barrier, 5 in the middle and 5 at the end of the barrier in the direction of the prevailing wind. Sampling began in late July and was performed every 30 days in five stages. The height of the trap was divided into four parts: 0-12, 12-24, 36-24 and 48-36 cm and the amounts of sediments collected in the installed traps were compared with each other. Wind speed and direction were also measured in the mentioned months and the wind rose was drawn subsequently. Data were analyzed in RCBD design with 5 replications. Sediment trap position was considered as the first factor in three levels and trap height class were considered as the second factor. Also, during two consecutive years after the establishment of straw checkerboard barriers, soil properties including aggregate stability, percentage of clay, silt and sand, organic carbon, total nitrogen, available phosphorus were measured.
Results: Results showed that checkerboards reduced the amounts of sediments significantly. This trend was observed in the five sampling month especially for the traps at the end of the barriers. The wind speed in the collision of barriers decreased significantly with lower amounts of energy, resulted to lowest amount of sediment at the end of barriers. Amount of sediments in the first, middle and end area of the checkerboard barriers in July, August, September and October decreased with the height of the trap drawer. But in November the sediments increased till height of 24 cm that may be due to higher rates of winds and particle movements. The highest mean weight diameter of aggregates was observed in border of barriers which may be associated with significant increase in organic carbon in the borders. Organic carbon, total nitrogen and available phosphorus contents were affected by straw checkerboard barriers and increased in the borders. Fine particles of soil included silt and clay were increased inside the squares accounts for unloading of particles and or deposition of them from the air.
Conclusion: The establishment of straw checkerboard barriers reduced the amount of wind sediments significantly compared to the bare ground. On the other hand, effective particle stabilization and dust deposition increased in checkerboards. Also checkerboard improved the physicochemical properties and increase some nutrients might promising for better microclimate for plant establishment and growth, leading to biodiversity and sustainability return.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Wind erosion
  • Sediment trap
  • Total nitrogen
  • Geometric mean diameter of aggregates

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مجله مدیریت خاک و تولید پایدار
دوره 11، شماره 4
دی 1400
صفحه 29-54

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