رفتار هورمتیک باکتری همزیست نخود زراعی Mezorhizobium ciceri در برابر غلظت‏های مختلف ایمازتاپیر و تری‏فلورالین

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش‏ آموخته کارشناسی‌ارشد علوم علف‏های هرز، گروه تولیدات گیاهی، دانشگاه گنبد کاووس.

2 استادیار، گروه تولیدات گیاهی، دانشگاه گنبد کاووس.

3 استادیار، گروه تولیدات گیاهی، دانشگاه گنبد کاووس

4 استادیار ، گروه تولیدات گیاهی، دانشگاه گنبد کاووس.

چکیده

ریزوبیوم‎ها باکتری‎های خاکزی هستند که قادر به همـزیسـتی با ریشه گیاهان لگومینوز می‎باشـند. همزیستی حبوبات و ریزوبیوم‎ها سبب تثبیت مقادیر بالایی نیتروژن در سراسر جهان می‏شود. این باکتری‏ها به عنوان کود بیولوژیکی در مزارع حبوبات استفاده می‎گردند و هر عاملی که اثر سوء بر ریزوبیوم‎ها داشته باشد سبب کاهش نرخ تثبیت بیولوژیکی نیتروژن خواهد شد. ریزوبیوم‎ها، میکروبیوم‎های غیر هدف برای علف‏کش‎ها می‎باشند. علف‏کش‏های مختلفی از قبیل ایمازتاپیر و تری‏فلورالین می‏توانند بر همزیستی حبوبات و ریزوبیوم‎ها تأثیر منفی یا هورمتیک بگذارند. هورمسیس یک پدیده غلظت-پاسخ است که با تحریک رشد در غلظت کم و مهار رشد در غلظت بالا مشخص می‏شود. این مطالعه با هدف بررسی تأثیر علف‏کش‏های ایمازتاپیر و تری‎فلورالین در دو pH (5/5 و 7) بر رشد Mezorhizobium ciceri در شرایط in vitro انجام شد.
مواد و روش‎ها
برای بررسی تأثیر علف‏کش‏های ایمازتاپیر و تری‏فلورالین بر باکتری M. ciceri، آزمایشی به صورت طرح کاملاً تصادفی در دانشگاه گنبدکاووس انجام شد. سویه M. ciceri روی عصاره مخمر مانیتول آگار کشت و نگهداری شد. از محیط کشت مایع عصاره مخمر مانیتول در دو pH برابر 5/5 و 7 استفاده گردید. علف‏کش‏های ایمازتاپیر (021/0، 042/0، 084/0، 168/0، 336/0، 672/0 g.L-1) ماده موثره و تری‌‌فلورالین (337/0، 675/0، 35/1، 7/2، 4/5، 8/10 g.L-1) ماده موثره به همراه شاهد بدون علف‌کش به محیط‎ کشت حاوی 105 سلول باکتری بر میلی‎لیتر اضافه و تغییرات جمعیت باکتری در طول موج nm600 محاسبه گردید. این آزمایش با 4 تکرار انجام و برای هر کدام از علف‏کش‏ها دوبار تکرار گردید. روند جمعیت در هر علف‏کش توسط مدل لگاریتم لجستیک سه و چهار پارامتری و هنگام مشاهده پاسخ هورمسیس از معادله Brain-Cousens استفاده شد.
یافته‏ها
جمعیت باکتریM. ciceri تحت تاثیر غلظت‏‏های علف‏کش ایمازتاپیر و تری‎فلورالین در اسیدیته 5/5 از منحنی لگاریتم لجستیک سه پارامتری و در اسیدیته 7 از منحنی برین-کوزنس 5 پارامتری تبعیت کردند. حداکثر جمعیت باکتری در اسیدیته 5/5 و 7 به ترتیب معادل 106×8/22 ، از غلظت‏ صفر و معادل 106×5/378 و از غلظت‏ 021/0 ایمازتاپیر بدست آمد. در غلظت‏های g.L-1 021/0 و 042/0 ایمازتاپیر، جمعیت باکتری 6/25 و 25/10 درصد نسبت به شاهد افزایش یافت که بیانگر رفتار هورمتیک باکتری می باشد. مقدار هورمسیس در تری‎فلورالین از غلظت‏های (g.L-1 337/0 و 675/0) معادل 108×01/1 سلول بر میلی‎لیتر ثبت شد. درصد افزایش جمعیت باکتری این غلظت‏ها، نسبت به شاهد به ترتیب 92/20 و 14/16 بدست آمد. مقدار پارامتر e در اسیدیته 5/5 از ایمازتاپیر معادل g.L-1 1-10×03/1 و از تری‎فلورالین معادل g.L-1 93/2 بدست آمد که نشانگر مقدار علف‎کش لازم جهت 50% کاهش جمعیت باکتری می باشد. حداکثر جمعیت باکتری در اسیدیته 5/5 معادل 106×4/40 از تیمار شاهد و در اسیدیته 7 از غلظت‏ 337/0 معادل 106×4/47 بدست آمد.
نتیجه‏گیری
این پژوهش شواهد آماری مبنی بر تحریک رشد M. ciceri در برابر غلظت‏های حداقلی ایمازتاپیر و تری‏فلورالین در شرایط خنثی را به صورت هورمسیس نشان داد اما در هر دو علف‏کش در شرایط اسیدی از مدل لگاریتم لجستیک پیروی کرد و در آن هورمسیس مشاهده نشد. به طور کلی با افزایش غلظت علف‏کش‏های بکار برده شده در این آزمایش، رشد جمعیت باکتری M. ciceri کاهش یافت اما بسته به pH محیط کشت، روند واکنش باکتری متفاوت بود به طوری‏که در اسیدیته خنثی در غلظت‏‏های زیر غلظت کشنده، افزایش رشد جمعیت و پس از آن کاهش رشد اتقاق افتاد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Hormetic behavior of chickpea bacterium Mezorhizobium ciceri to different concentrations of Imazethapyr and Trifluralin

نویسندگان [English]

  • Masoumeh Sadat Hoseini Tilian 1
  • Zeinab Avarseji 2
  • Fakhtak Taliei 3
  • Ebrahim Gholamalipuor Alamdari 4
  • Masoumeh Naeemi 4
1 Gonbad Kavous
2 Gonbad Kavous University
3 Gonbad Kavous University
4 Gonbad Kavous University
چکیده [English]

Background and objectives Rhizobium is terrestrial bacteria that can coexist and form nodules in the leguminous family. The legume-rhizobia symbiosis results in great quantities of nitrogen fixation throughout the world. Rhizobial populations become non-target microbiomes for the herbicide applied in the field. Various herbicides such as Trifluralin and Imazethapyr can affect legume-rhizobia symbiosis negatively or in hermetic way. Hormesis is a dose-response relationship phenomenon characterized by a low-dose stimulation and a high-dose inhibition. This study aimed to investigate the effect of Imazethapyr and Trifluralin herbicides at two pH value (5.5 and 7) on the growth of Mezorhizobium ciceri at in vitro conditions.
Materials and methods To investigate the effect of Imazethapyr and Trifluralin herbicides on M. ciceri bacteria, an experiment was conducted as a completely randomized design in Gonbad Kavous University. M. ciceri strain were grown and maintained on yeast extract mannitol agar medium. Yeast extract manitol broth medium was used at two pH equal to 5.5 and 7. Moreover, Imazethapyr (0.021, 0.042, 0.084, 0.168, 0.336, and 0.672 g.L-1) and Trifluralin (0.337, 0.675, 1.35, 2.7, 5.4, and 10.8 g.L-1) herbicides accompanied with no-herbicide control added to the medium containing of 105 cell.ml-1 of M. ciceri at in vitro condition and the measurement of bacterial population was calculated at 600 nm light absorption, using spectrophotometer. The experiment was carried out with 4 replications and repeated two times. Population trends at different herbicide were fitted using three and four parameters logistic models and the Brain-Cousens equation was used when the hormesis response was observed.
Results The bacterial population of M. ciceri affected by Imazethapyr and Trifluralin concentrations in pH=5.5 followed the three parameter logarithm logistic model and in pH=7 followed the five parameter Brain-Cousense model. The maximum bacterial populations in pH=5.5 and pH=7 were 22.8×106 from zero concentration and 378.5×106 from 0.021 dose of Imazethapyr, respectively. At 0.021 and 0.042 g.L-1 of Imazethapyr doses, the bacterial population increased by 25.6% and 10.25%, respectively, compared to the control, which indicates the bacteria's hormetic behavior. The amount of hormesis in Trifluralin from doses (0.337 and 0.675 g.L-1) was recorded equal to 1.01×108 cell.mL-1. The increasing percentage of bacterial population from these doses compared to the control was 20.92 and 16.14, respectively. The value of “e” parameter, which indicates the amount of herbicide required for 50% reduction of the bacterial population, in pH=5.5 was obtained from Imazethapyr equivalent to 1.03 10-1 g.L-1 and from Trifluralin equal to 2.93 g.L-1.
Conclusion This study showed statistical evidence of M. ciceri growth stimulation against minimum doses of Imazethapyr and Trifluralin in neutral acidity as Hormesis. This bacterium's population growth reaction in both herbicides under acidic conditions followed the logarithmic logistic model, and no hormesis was observed. In general, with increasing the dose of herbicides used in this experiment, M. ciceri bacterial population growth decreased. However, depending on the culture medium's pH, the bacterial reaction process was different so that in neutral acidity and sub-lethal doses was accompanied by an increase in population growth and then as the doses increased the growth rate decreased.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Brain-Cousense model
  • Low dose
  • Logarithm Logistic model
  • Growth stimulation

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مجله مدیریت خاک و تولید پایدار
دوره 11، شماره 4
دی 1400
صفحه 161-175

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