آبشویی سرب از خاک آلوده توسط کربن آلی محلول استخراج شده از باگاس نیشکر و کود مرغی

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری ، گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری، ایران.

2 گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشگاه کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری، ایران.

چکیده

چکیده
سابقه و هدف: آبشویی خاک تکنیکی موثر جهت خروج فلزهای سنگین با استفاده از آب یا هر سیال دیگر است ولی بایستی توجه کرد که شناسایی عامل آبشویی سازگار با محیط‌زیست اهمیت بسیار بالایی دارد. کارایی این تکنیک به عوامل متعددی مربوط می‌شود اما پژوهشگران به دنبال موادی هستند که کمترین تاثیر مخرب را بر محیط‌زیست داشته باشد. با توجه به اینکه تاکنون تحقیقی روی اثر کربن آلی محلول استخراج شده از کود مرغی و باگاس نیشکر بر آبشویی سرب از خاک آلوده گزارش نشده است، هدف از این تحقیق بررسی آبشویی سرب از خاک آلوده توسط کربن آلی محلول استخراج شده از باگاس نیشکر و کود مرغی بود.
مواد و روش‌ها: در این تحقیق آزمایشی جهت بررسی کارایی کربن آلی محلول استخراج شده از کود مرغی و باگاس نیشکر جهت خروج سرب از خاک آلوده معدن در نظر گرفته شد. بدین منظور آزمایش آبشویی گسسته و تعادلی به نسبت 20:1 ( خاک : عصاره) در غلظت‌های مختلف کربن آلی محلول (50، 100، 200، 400، 800 ، 1000، 2000 میلی‌گرم بر لیتر) ، pH (4، 6، 7، 8، 10) و زمان (5/0، 1، 2، 4 ساعت) انجام شد. بهترین نتایج آبشویی سرب خاک حاصل از آزمایش گسسته و تعادلی به ستون آبشویی(آبشویی پیوسته و غیرتعادلی) منتقل شد و با دو نوع آبشویی به صورت متوالی و متناوب در ستون خاک بررسی شد. در هر دو نوع آبشویی متناوب و متوالی میزان خروج سرب خاک آلوده در دو عصاره کود مرغی و عصاره باگاس نیشکر بررسی شد.
یافته‌ها: نتایج نشان داد، کاربرد عصاره کود مرغی در رژیم متناوب آزمایش پیوسته غیرتعادلی، موجب خروج بالاترین میزان سرب از خاک آلوده (65/135 میلی‌گرم بر کیلوگرم) شد. در این آزمایش میزان خروج سرب توسط کربن آلی محلول ناشی از عصاره باگاس به دلیل ماهیت گروه‌های عاملی عصاره در تثبیت سرب تغییرزیادی نداشت. در آزمایش گسسته تعادلی، بیشترین سرب خروجی(55 میلی‌گرم بر کیلوگرم) مربوط به کاربرد غلظت 2000 میلی‌گرم بر لیتر کربن آلی محلول ناشی از عصاره کودمرغی در pH برابر 8 بود. میزان سرب خروجی با کاربرد 400 میلی‌گرم بر لیتر کربن آلی محلول ناشی از عصاره باگاس نیشکر در pH برابر 7 به میزان 20 میلی‌گرم در کیلوگرم بود.
نتیجه گیری: استفاده از کربن آلی محلول عصاره کود مرغی با توجه به ماهیت گروه‌های عاملی آن، میزان قابل توجهی از سرب خاک آلوده مدنظر را خارج کرد اما استفاده از این نوع باگاس نیشکر در آبشویی سرب در غلظت‌های مختلف کارایی چندانی نداشت.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Leaching of Pb by dissolved organic carbon derived by sugarcane bagasse and poultry manure

نویسندگان [English]

  • Afsaneh Ghasemian Sorboni 1
  • Fardin Sadegh zadeh 2
  • Mahdi Ghajar Sepanlu 2
  • Bahi Jalili 2
  • Seyed Mostafa Emadi 2
1 PhD candidate, Department of Soil Sciences, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran
2 Associate Prof., Dept. of Soil Science, Sari Agriculture and Natural Resources University
چکیده [English]

Abstract
Background and Objective: The leaching is an effective method for the removal of heavy metals using water or any other fluid. However, it is vital to identify the environmentally friendly leaching agent. The effectiveness of this technique depends on several factors. The researchers are looking for substances that have the least harmful impact on the environment. There is no reported study on the effects of dissolved organic carbon extract from poultry manure and sugarcane bagasse on leaching of Pb from contaminated soil. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the leaching of Pb from mine contaminated soil as affected by dissolved organic carbon derived from poultry manure and sugarcane bagasse. .
Materials and Methods: In this study, an experiment was conducted to evaluate the efficiency of dissolved organic carbon derived by poultry manure and sugarcane bagasse to remove Pb from contaminated soil. For this purpose, the leaching and batch equilibrium experiments with the ratio of 1:20 (soil:extract) and different concentrations of dissolved organic carbon (50, 100, 200, 400, 800, 1000, 2000 mg/l), pH (4, 6, 7 , 8, 10) and time (0.5, 1, 2, 4 hours) were carried out. The best results of soil Pb leaching and batch equilibrium experiments were chosen for the leaching column (continuous and intermittent leaching) experiment. In both of continuous and intermittent leaching experiments, the Pb leaching with two types of extracts was investigated.
Results: The results showed that the application of dissolved organic carbon derived from poultry manure initiated highest Pb leaching from mine contaminated soil in the both of continuous and intermittent leaching experiments. The intermittent leaching, resulted in the highest amount of Pb leaching from the contaminated soil (135.65 mg/kg) compare to continuous leaching experiments. In leaching experiment, the content of Pb leaching by dissolved organic carbon derived from bagasse did not change considerably. In the batch equilibrium experiment, the highest Pb leaching (55 mg/kg) was related to the application of 2000 mg/l dissolved organic carbon derived from poultry manure at pH 8. The amount of Pb leaching with the application of 400 mg/l of dissolved organic carbon derived from sugarcane bagasse at pH 7 was 20 mg/kg.
Conclusion: According to the results, the application of dissolved organic carbon derived from poultry manure removed a significant content of Pb from mine contaminated soil. However, the application of dissolved organic carbon from this type of sugarcane bagasse for Pb leaching was not effective.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Leaching
  • Pb
  • dissolved organic carbon
  • poultry manure
  • sugarcane bagasse

مراجع

 1.Guo, G.L., Zhou, Q.X., Koval, P.V.,and Belogolova, G.A. 2006. Speciation distribution of Pb and Cu in contaminated phaiozem in north-east China using single and sequential extraction procedures.Soil Research, 44: 2. 135-142.
2.Zhou, D.M., Hao, X.Z., and Xue, Y. 2004. Advances in remediation technologies of contaminated soils. Ecology and Environmental Science, 13: 2. 234-242.
3.Saleh, T.A., and Gupta, V.K. 2012. Column with CNT/magnesium oxide composite for lead (II) removal from water. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 19: 4. 1224-1228.
4.Alloway, B.J. 2012. Heavy metals in soils: trace metals and metalloids in soils and their bioavailbility. Vol. 22. Springer Science and Business Media. 613p.
5.Sparks, D.L. 1993. Soil decontamination, P 671-680. In: Corn, M. (ed), “Hand book of Hazardous materials” Academic press, SanDiego, CA.
6.Dermont, G., Bergeron, M., Mercier, G., and Richer-Lafleche, M. 2008. Soil washing for metal removal: a review of physical/chemical technologies and field applications. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 152: 1. 1-31.
7.Makino, T., Sugahara, K., Sakurai, Y., Takano, H., Kamiya, T., Sasaki, K., and Sekiya, N. 2006. Remediation of cadmium contamination in paddy soils by washing with chemicals: selection of washing chemicals. Environmental Pollution, 144: 1. 2-10.
8.Nunez-Lopez, R.A., Meas, Y.,Gama, S.C., Borges, R.O., and Olguin, E.J. 2008. Leaching of lead by ammonium salts and EDTA from Salvinia minima biomass produced during aquatic phytoremediation. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 154: 1-3. 623-632.
9.Hauser, L., Tandy, S., Schulin, R., and Nowack, B. 2005. Column extraction of heavy metals from soils using the biodegradable chelating agent EDDS. Environmental Science and Technology. 39: 17. 6819-6824.
10.Wang, S., and Mulligan, C.N. 2009. Rhamnolipid biosurfactant-enhanced soil flushing for the removal of arsenic and heavy metals from mine tailings. Process Biochemistry, 44: 3. 296-301.
11.Makino, T., Kamiya, T., Takano, H., Itou, T., Sekiya, N., and Sasaki, K. 2007. Remediation of cadmium-contaminated paddy soils by washing with calcium chloride-Verification of on-site washing. Environmental Pollution, 147: 1. 112-119.
12.Tokunaga, S., and Hakuta, T. 2002.Acid washing and stabilization of an artificial arsenic-contaminated soil. Chemosphere, 46: 1. 31-38.
13.Moon, D.H., Lee, J.R., Wazne, M., and  Park, J.H. 2012. Assessment of soil washing for Zn contaminated soils using various washing solutions. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 18: 2. 822-825.
14.Heydari, S., Ostan, Sh., Neyshaburi, M., and Reyhanitabar, A. 2016. Removal of heavy metals from comtaminated soil by EDTA in soil profile. Soil and Water Sciences, 19: 72. 189-202. (In Persian)
15.Pociecha, M., and Lestan, D. 2010. Using electrocoagulation for metal and chelant separation from washing solution after EDTA leaching of Pb, Zn and Cd contaminated soil. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 174: 1-3. 670-678.
16.Wei, M., Chen, J., and Wang, X. 2016. Removal of arsenic and cadmium with sequential soil washing techniques using Na2EDTA, oxalic and phosphoric acid: optimization conditions, removal effectiveness and ecological risks. Chemosphere, 156: 252-261.
17.Hinck, M.L., Ferguson, J., and Puhaakka, J. 1997. Resistance of EDTA and DTPA to aerobic biodegradation. Water Science and Technology,35: 2-3. 25-31.
18.Rousk, J., Brookes, P.C., and Bååth, E. 2009. Contrasting soil pH effects on fungal and bacterial growth suggest functional redundancy in carbon mineralization. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 75: 6. 1589-1596.
19.Tsang, D.C., Lo, I.M., and Surampalli, R.Y. 2012. Chelating agents for land decontamination technologies. American Society of Civil Engineers. 284p.
20.Tipping, E. 2002. Cation binding by humic substances. Cambridge University Press. 444p.
21.Lindsay, W.L., and Norvell, W.A. 1978. Development of DTPA soil test for zinc, iron, manganese and copper. Soil Science Society of America Journal.42: 3. 421-428.
22.Rhoades, J.D. 1982. Soluble salts,P 167-179. In: A.L.Page, (ed.), Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 2, Second Edition,  American Society of Agronomy,Inc., Madison, WI, USA, Agronomy Monograph No 9.
23.Nelson, D.W., and Somers, L.E. 1982. Total carbon, organic carbon and organic matter. P 539-579. In: A.L. Page, (ed.), Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 2, second ed., Agronomy Monograph, vol. 9, ASA and SSSA, Madison, WI.
24.Bouyoucos, G.J. 1962. Hydrometer method improved for making particle size analysis of soils. Agronomy Journal. 54: 5. 464–465.
25.Lindsay, W.L., and Norvell, W.A. 1978. Development of DTPA soil test for zinc, iron, manganese and copper.Soil Science Society America Journal. 42: 3. 421-428.
26.Hassantabar, S., Sadegh-Zadeh, F., Bahmanyar, M.A., and Jalili, B. 2018. Reclamation of saline-sodic soil with clay texture using dissolved organic carbon. Journal of Soil Management and Sustainable Production, 8: 1. 159-174. (In Persian)
27.Baird, R.B., Eaton, A.D., Rice, E.W., and Bridgewater, L.L. 2017. Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater. (23nd 2017/prepared and published jointly by American Public Health Association, American Water Works Association, Water Environment Federation. Washington, D.C: American Public Health Association. 545p.
28.Hassantabar, S., Sadegh-zadeh, F., Bahmanyar, M.A., and Jalili, B.2018. Reclamation of saline-sodic soil with clay texture using dissolved organic carbon. Journal of Soil Management and Sustainable Production, 8: 1. 159-174. (In Persian)
29.Nelson, D.W., and Somers, L.E. 1982. Total carbon, organic carbon and organic matter. P 539-579. In: A.L. Page, (ed.), Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 2, second ed., Agronomy Monograph, vol. 9, ASA and SSSA, Madison, WI.
30.Tessier, A., Campbell, P.G.C., and Bisson, M. 1979. Sequential extraction procedure for the speciation of particulate trace metals. Analytical Chemistry. 51: 7. 844-851.
31.Alloway, B.J. 2012. Heavy metals in soils: trace metals and metalloids in soils and their bioavailbility. Vol. 22. Springer Science and Business Media. 613p.
32.Jalili, B., Sadegh-Zadeh, F., Jabari-Giashi, M., and Emadi, M. 2020. Lead bioimmobilization in contaminated mine soil by Aspergillus niger SANRU. Journal of Hazardous Materials,393: 122375-122375.
33.Chakravarty, P., Sarma, N.S., and Sarma, H.P. 2010. Removal of lead (II) from aqueous solution using heartwood of Areca catechu powder. Desalination 256: 16-21.
34.Samsuri, A.W., Sadegh-Zade, F., and She-Bardan, B.J. 2014. Characterization of biochars produced from oil palm and rice husks and their adsorption capacities for heavy metals. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology. 11: 4. 967-976.
35.Wang, G., Zhang, S., Yao, P., Chen, Y., Xu, X., Li, T., and Gong, G.2018. Removal of Pb (II) from aqueous solutions by Phytolacca americana L. biomass as a low cost biosorbent. Arabian Journal of Chemistry. 11: 1. 99-110.
36.Calero, M., Pérez, A., Blázquez, G., Ronda, A., and Martín-Lara, M.A. 2013. Characterization of chemically modified biosorbents from olive tree pruning for the biosorption of lead. Ecological Engineering, 58: 344-354.
37.Wang, G., Zhang, S., Yao, P.,Chen, Y., Xu, X., Li, T., and Gong,G. 2018. Removal of Pb (II) from aqueous solutions by Phytolacca americana L. biomass as a low cost biosorbent. Arabian Journal of Chemistry. 11: 1. 99-110.
38.Chen, Y., Zhang, S., Xu, X., Yao, P., Li, T., Wang, G., Gong, G., Li, Y., and Deng, O. 2016. Effects of surfactants on low-molecular-weight organic acids to wash soil zinc. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 23: 5. 4629-4638.
39.Song, S., Zhu, L., and Zhou, W. 2008. Simultaneous removal of phenanthrene and cadmium from contaminated
soils by saponin, a plant-derived biosurfactant. Environmental Pollution. 156: 3. 1368-1370.
40.Kim, E.J., Jeon, E., and Baek, K. 2016. Role of reducing agent in extraction of arsenic and heavy metals from soils by use of EDTA. Chemosphere, 152: 274-283.
41.Zou, Z., Qiu, R., Zhang, W., Dong, H., Zhao, Z., Zhang, T., Wei, X., and Cai, X. 2009. The study of operating variables in soil washing with EDTA. Environmental Pollution.157: 1. 229-236.
42.Begum, Z.A., Rahman, I.M.M., Sawai, H., Mizutani, S., Maki, T., and Hasegawa, H. 2013. Effect of extraction variables on the biodegradable chelantassisted removal of toxic metals from artificially contaminated European reference soils. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution. 224: 3. 1-21.
43.Essington, M.E. 2003. Soil and water chemistry. An Integrative Approach. CRC PRESS. 534p.
44.Begum, Z.A., Rahman, I.M.M., Tate, Y., Sawai, H., Maki, T., and Hasegawa, H. 2012. Remediation of toxic metal contaminated soil by washing with biodegradable aminopolycarboxylate chelants. Chemosphere 87: 10. 1161-1170.
45.Bradl, H.B. 2004. Adsorption of heavy metal ions on soils and soils constituents. Journal of Colloid and  Interface Science. 277: 1. 1-18.
46.Backes, C.A., McLaren, R.G., Rate, A.W., and Swift, R.S. 1995. Kinetics of cadium and cobalt desorption from iron and manganeseoxides. Soil Science Society of America Journal. 59: 3. 778-785.
47.Bruemmer, G.W., Gerth, J., and Tiller, K.G. 1988. Reaction kinetics of the adsorption and desorption of nickel, zinc and cadium by goethite. I. Adsorption and diffusion of metals. Journal of Soil Science. 39: 1. 37-52.
48.McBride, M.B. 1994. Environmental chemistry of soil. Oxford University Press, New York. 400p.
49.Finzgar, N., and Le_stan, D. 2007. Multi-step leaching of Pb and Zn contaminated soils with EDTA. Chemosphere. 66: 5. 824-832.
50.Steele, M., and Pichtel, J. 1998. Ex-situ remediation of a metal-contaminated superfund soil using selective extractants. Journal of Environmental Engineering. 124: 7. 639-645.
51.Selim, H., Buchter, B., Hinz, C., and Ma, L. 1992. Modeling the transport and retention of cadmium in soils: Multireaction and multicomponent approaches. Soil Science Society of America Journal. 56: 4. 1004-1015.
52.Naidu, R., Bolan, N., Kookana, R., and Tiller, K. 1994. Ionic-strength and pH effects on the sorption of cadmium and the surface charge of soils. European Journal of Soil Science. 45: 4. 419-429.
53.Chang, A.C., Page, A.L., Warneke, J.E., and Grgurevic, E. 1984. Sequential extraction of soil heavy metals following a sludge application. Journal of Environmental Quality, 13: 1. 33-38.
54.Li, Z., and Shuman, L.M. 1997. Mobility of Zn, Cd and Pb in soils as affected by poultry litter extract-I. Leaching in soil columns. Environmental Pollution, 95: 2. 219-226.
مجله مدیریت خاک و تولید پایدار
دوره 12، شماره 1
فروردین 1401
صفحه 141-158

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار