اثرات متقابل کودهای شیمیایی و مواد محرک رشد بر عملکرد و کارآیی مصرف کود در پرتقال

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 بخش تحقیقات خاک و آب، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی هرمزگان، سازمان تحقیقات آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، بندرعباس، ایران

2 بخش تحقیقات خاک و آب، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی مازندران، سازمان تحقیقات آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، ساری، ایران

3 بخش تحقیقات شیمی و حاصلخیزی خاک و تغذیه گیاه، موسسه تحقیقات خاک و آب، سازمان تحقیقات آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: نیاز روز افزون بشر به محصولات کشاورزی باعث شده است که استفاده از انواع کودهای شیمیایی برای دستیابی به تولید بیشتر این محصولات، همواره روند افزایشی داشته باشد. از سوی دیگر، افزایش مصرف کودهای شیمیایی باعث می‌شود منابع خاک و آب دچار آلودگی و تنزل کیفیت شود و متعاقب آن، محصولات غذایی تولید شده نیز ناسالم خواهند شد. مصرف مواد محرک رشد گیاه نظیر اسید هیومیک، اسید فولویک، اسیدهای آمینه، قارچ‌های مایکوریزا و جلبک‌های دریایی می‌تواند راهکاری مفید جهت کاهش مصرف کودهای شیمیایی باشد، زیرا می‌توان بدون افت عملکرد کمی و کیفی محصول، کود شیمیایی کمتری مصرف کرد. بنابراین، پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی اثر برخی مواد محرک رشد بر کارآیی مصرف کود، عملکرد و کیفیت پرتقال به اجرا درآمد.
مواد و روش‌ها: این آزمایش بصورت فاکتوریل و در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار و طی دو سال متوالی بر روی 63 اصله پرتقال رقم واشنگتن ناول در ایستگاه تحقیقات کشاورزی حاجی‌آباد هرمزگان انجام شد. فاکتورها شامل 1- مصرف کودهای شیمیایی در سه سطح (بدون مصرف کودهای شیمیایی، 75% مقادیر توصیه شده کودهای شیمیایی، 100% مقادیر توصیه شده کودهای شیمیایی)، و 2- مصرف محرک‌های رشد گیاهی در هفت سطح (شاهد، محلول‌پاشی اسید آمینه، محلول‌پاشی عصاره جلبک، مصرف خاکی اسید هیومیک، محلول‌پاشی اسید فولویک، مصرف خاکی قارچ مایکوریزا، محلول‌پاشی اسید آمینه و عصاره جلبک همراه با مصرف خاکی اسید هیومیک و قارچ مایکوریزا) بود. برداشت محصول در آذرماه هر سال انجام شد و برخی پاسخ‌های گیاهی شامل عملکرد محصول، غلظت آهن، منگنز و روی در برگ، مقدار مواد جامد محلول کل و ویتامین ث در عصاره میوه، و کارایی مصرف کودها تعیین گردید. در انتها، تفسیر نتایج بر مبنای تجزیه واریانس داده‌ها و مقایسه میانگین‌ها صورت گرفت.
نتایج: نتایج نشان داد مصرف مواد محرک رشد علاوه بر افزایش عملکرد محصول و ارتقای کارایی مصرف کود، غلظت آهن، روی و منگنز برگ را افزایش داد و برخی ویژگی‌های کیفی شامل مقدار مواد جامد محلول و مقدار ویتامین ث در عصاره میوه را نیز بهبود بخشید. همچنین مصرف کودهای شیمیایی و آلی باعث شد اثر مثبت مواد محرک رشد، تشدید گردد. به عبارت دیگر، اثرات متقابل مواد محرک رشد و کودهای شیمیایی و آلی بر ویژگیهای کمی و کیفی پرتقال معنی‌دار بود. بیشترین تأثیر مثبت در تیمار مصرف خاکی اسید هیومیک و مایه تلقیح مایکوریزا همراه با محلول‌پاشی اسید آمینه و عصاره جلبک دریایی، توأم با مصرف کودهای شیمیایی به میزان 100% مقادیر توصیه شده، مشاهده گردید. با این حال، کارایی مصرف کودها در درختان تیمار شده با 75% کودهای شیمیایی توصیه شده، بیشتر از تیمار 100% بود.
نتیجه‌گیری: توصیه می‌شود به منظور نیل به افزایش عملکرد، ارتقای کیفیت محصول و کاهش آلودگی محیط زیست، با خودداری از مصرف بی‌رویه کودهای شیمیایی، کاربرد ترکیبی از مواد محرک رشد شامل اسید هیومیک، اسیدهای آمینه، عصاره جلبک و قارچ مایکوریزا به همراه مصرف 75% مقادیر توصیه شده کودهای شیمیایی در برنامه تغذیه تلفیقی باغ‌های پرتقال مد نظر قرار گیرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Interactive effects of chemical fertilizers and biostimulants on yield and fertilizer use efficiency in orange

نویسندگان [English]

  • Jahanshah Saleh 1
  • Mehrdad Shahabian 2
  • Mohammad Mehdi Tehrani 3
1 Soil and Water Research Department, Hormozgan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Bandar Abbas, Iran
2 Soil and Water Research Department, Mazandaran Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Sari, Iran
3 Soil Chemistry and Fertility and Plant Nutrition, Soil and Water Research Institute, AREEO, Karaj, Iran
چکیده [English]

Backgroud and Objectives: Ever-increasing need of human for agricultural productions has caused an ever-enhancing trend in use of different chemical fertilizers to achieve more yield production. On the other hand, augmenting the use of chemical fertilizers results in pollution and quality decline in soil and water resources, leading to production of unhealthy food products. Application of plant biostimulants like humic acid, fulvic acid, amino acids, mycorhizal fungi and seaweeds could be a useful approach to reduce using chemical fertilizers. It leads to reduce the use of chemical fertilizers without decline in quantitative and qualitative yield production. Therefore, the present research was accomplished in order to investigate the effects of some biostimulants on fertilzer use efficiency, as well as yield and quality of orange.
Materials and Methods: This experiment was carried out in a factorial manner based on completely randomized block design (CRBD) with three replications on 63 orange trees var. Washington novel, during two consecutive years in Hormozgan Haji-Abad agricultural research station. There were two factors consisting of 1-Application of chemical fertilzers in three levels (without any chemical fertilizers, %75 of the recommended chemical fertilizers, %100 of the recommended chemical fertilizers), and 2- Application of plant biostimulants in seven levels (control, amino acid foliar spray, seaweed extract foliar spray, soil applied humic acid, fulvic acid foliar spray, soil applied mycorhizal fungi, amino acid and seaweed extract foliar spray accompanied with soil applied humic acid and mycorhizal fungi). The harvesting was done in december, every year. Some plant responses such as yield production, the concentrations of iron, manganese and zinc in leaves, total soluble solids, vitamin C in fruit extract, and fertilizers use efficiency were determined. Finally, the results were interpreted based on the analysis of variances for the data set and comparison of means.
Results: The results showed that application of biostimulants caused an increase in production yield and fertilizer use efficiency, as well as the concentration of iron, manganese and zinc in leaves. Some qualitative properties consisting of total soluble solids and vitamin C content in fruit extract were also improved. Furthermore, use of chemical and organic fertilzers corroborated the positive effects of biostimulants. In other words, interactive effects of biostimulants and fertilzers on quantitative and qualitative properties of orange were significant. The most positive effects were observed in the treatment containing soil applied humic acid and mycorhizal fungi accompanied with amino acids and seaweed extract foliar spray, and %100 of the recommended chemical fertilzers. However, fertilizer use efficiency in trees treated with %75 of the recommended chemical fertilizers was higher, as compared to those supplied with %100 of the recommended fertilizers.
Conclusion: It is recommended that instead of excessive use of chemical fertilizers, a combination of biostimulants including humic acid, amino acids, seaweed extract and mycorhizal fungi be applied along with %75 of the recommended chemical fertilizers in the integrated nutrition management, in order to achieve increased yield, improved fruit quality and reduced environment pollution.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Amino acid
  • Fulvic acid
  • Humic acid
  • Seaweed
  • Mycorhizae

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مجله مدیریت خاک و تولید پایدار
دوره 13، شماره 2
تیر 1402
صفحه 27-51

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