تعیین فسفر زیست فراهم در برخی از خاک های شالیزاری به روش آزمون جلبکی

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 ﮔﺮوه ، ﻋﻠﻮم و ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﯽ ﺧﺎک، داﻧﺸﮑﺪه علوم ﮐﺸﺎورزی، داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﮔﯿﻼن، رﺷﺖ، اﯾﺮان

2 ﮔﺮوه، ﻋﻠﻮم و ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﯽ ﺧﺎک، داﻧﺸﮑﺪه علوم ﮐﺸﺎورزی، داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﮔﯿﻼن، رشت، ایران

3 گروه، خاکشناسی دانشکده علوم کشاورزی دانشگاه گیلان

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: هدررفت فسفر از اراضی کشاورزی و ورود آن به منابع آبی سبب پدیده سرشارسازی و شکوفایی جلبکی شده و کنترل فسفر ورودی به زیست‌بوم‌های آبی را به چالشی مهم برای مدیریت این منابع تبدیل کرده است. آزمون جلبکی به عنوان قابل اعتمادترین روش برای کمی‌سازی پتانسیل زیست‌فراهمی فسفر محسوب می‌شود. این پژوهش با هدف بررسی زیست‌فراهمی فسفر در سه نمونه خاک شالیزاری و ارتباط آن با رشد ریزجلبک کلرلا انجام گرفت.
مواد و روش‌ها: نمونه‌برداری خاک از عمق 10-0 سانتی‌متری اراضی شالیزاری واقع در پنج منطقه پسیخان، پیربازار، سیاه درویشان، فخب و لاکان انجام شد. این اراضی برای مدت طولانی و به صورت سالانه کود فسفری دریافت کرده بودند. ابتدا با عصاره‌گیری پی در پی به روش هدلی بخش‌های مختلف فسفر در 5 نمونه خاک تعیین شد و سپس با توجه به مقدار فسفر کل، فسفر در بخش‌های مختلف و درصد رس، سه نمونه از خاک‌ها (پسیخان، پیربازار و لاکان) به عنوان تنها منبع فسفر به محیط کشت ریزجلبک کلرلا اضافه شدند. آزمایش در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی به روش اندازه‌های تکرار شده در زمان با سه تکرار انجام شد. مقدار کلروفیل a، تعداد سلول‌های ریزجلبک، فسفر کل محلول و فسفر ذره‌ای در روزهای صفر، 7، 14، 21 و 28 انکوباسیون اندازه-گیری شد.
یافته‌ها: دو خاک پیربازار و فخب از نظر بخش‌بندی فسفر مشابه و ترتیب بخش‌ها به صورت اکسیدی< باقی‌مانده< کربناتی< محلول-تبادلی بود. در حالی‌که در سه خاک دیگر بخش‌بندی فسفر به صورت باقی‌مانده< اکسیدی<کربناتی< محلول-تبادلی بود. مقدار کلروفیل a ریزجلبک در هر سه نمونه خاک روند افزایشی نشان داد و در روز چهاردهم به بیشترین مقدار رسید و پس از آن ثابت شد. تعداد سلول‌های ریزجلبک در تیمار خاک پیربازار تا روز چهاردهم انکوباسیون و در خاک‌های لاکان و پسیخان تا پایان دوره انکوباسیون روند افزایشی نشان داد. فسفر کل محلول در تمامی تیمارها در طول دوره انکوباسیون تا روز هفتم روند افزایشی داشت و پس از آن کاهش یافت. فسفر ذره‌ای در روز هفتم انکوباسیون به شدت کاهش و سپس در ادامه انکوباسیون افزایش نشان داد. مقدار کلروفیل a و تعداد سلول‌های ریزجلبک در دو هفته اول انکوباسیون همبستگی مثبت و معناداری با فسفر کل محلول نشان دادند و در دو هفته بعد رشد ریزجلبک تحت تاثیر فسفر ذره‌ای قرار گرفت.
نتیجه‌گیری: از آن‌جا ‌که خاک می‌تواند به عنوان منبع فسفر امکان رشد ریزجلبک را فراهم نماید، بنابراین توجه به فسفر ورودی به زیست‌بوم‌های آبی از طریق اراضی کشاورزی حاشیه رودخانه‌ها برای مدیریت پدیده سرشارسازی در تالاب انزلی ضروری است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Determining bioavailable phosphorus in some paddy soils by algal assay method

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ali Gholamalizadeh 1
  • Nasrin Ghorbanzadeh 2
  • Mohammad Bagher Farhangi 2
  • Maryam Khalili Rad 3
1 Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
2 Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
3 Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
چکیده [English]

Background and objectives: The loss of phosphorus (P) from agricultural lands and its entry into water resources has caused the algal bloom and eutrophication phenomena, and has marked the control of P entrance to aquatic ecosystems as an important challenge for the management of these resources. Algal assay is considered as the most reliable method for quantifying the potential of P bioavailability. The aim of this study was to investigate the bioavailability of P in three paddy soils and its relationship with the growth of Chlorella sp. microalgae.
Materials and methods: Soil samples were taken from a depth of 0-10 cm of paddy fields located in five regions of Pasikhan, Pirbazar, Siahdarvishan, Fakhab and Lakan, which had annually received phosphorus fertilizer for a long time. At first, different P fractions were determined by Hedley sequential extraction method in 5 soils, and 3 soils (Psikhan, Pirbazar and Lakan) based on the total P content, P in different fractions and clay content were selected and added to the Chlorella sp. culture medium as the only P supply source. The experiment was performed as repeated measures in a completely randomized design with three replications. Chlorophyll a content, microalga cell number, total dissolved P (TDP) and particulate P (PP) concentrations were measured at days 0, 7, 14, 21, and 28 of incubation.
Results: Phosphorus fractions of Pirbazar and Fakhab soils were similar as followed in oxide >residual >carbonate> solution-exchangeable. While in the other three soils, the phosphorus fractions followed the trend of residual >oxide >carbonate> solution- exchangeable. The chlorophyll a content showed an increasing trend in all samples and reached its maximum on the 14th day and was then almost constant. The number of microalgae cells in Pirbazar treatment showed an increasing trend until the 14th day of incubation, while it remained increasing in Lakan and Pesikhan treatments until the end of the incubation period. TDP concentration increased during the incubation period in all treatments until the 7th day and then decreased. Particulate phosphorus decreased sharply on the 7th day of incubation and then increased. The chlorophyll a content and the number of microalgae cells showed a significant positive correlation with TDP at the first two weeks of incubation, while the microalga growth was affected by particulate P in the next two weeks of incubation.
Conclusion: Since soil as the only source of P can accelerate the microalgae growth in aquatic ecosystems, considering P originated from agricultural lands along rivers to manage the eutrophication phenomenon is necessary especially in wetlands catchment.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Eutrophication
  • Dissolved phosphorus
  • Inorganic phosphorus
  • Sequential extraction

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مجله مدیریت خاک و تولید پایدار
دوره 13، شماره 2
تیر 1402
صفحه 95-114

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