ارزیابی اثر سطوح مختلف تنش شوری و برگ‌پاشی اسپرمین، اسپرمیدین و پوترسین بر عملکرد دانه و غلظت عناصر غذایی برگ و ریشه در گیاه کاملینا

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار، گروه علمی علوم کشاورزی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران

2 استادیار، گروه علمی علوم کشاورزی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: شوری خاک به ویژه در مناطق خشک و نیمه خشک یکی از عواملی است که رشد گیاهان را محدود می‌کند. تجمع بیش از حد یون‌های سدیم و کلرید منجر به کاهش رشد و عدم تعادل مواد مغذی می‌شود. استفاده از پلی آمین‌های اگزوژن، از جمله پوترسین، اسپرمیدین و اسپرمین به عنوان یک روش موثر نه تنها در تعیین نقش آنها در پاسخ به شوری، بلکه به عنوان راهی برای افزایش مقاومت گیاه به شوری در نظر گرفته می‌شود. کاملینا یک محصول دانه روغنی از خانواده براسیکا است که حاوی سایر ترکیبات زیست فعال مانند فلاونوئیدها و محصولات فنلی و به عنوان منبع جدیدی از اسیدهای چرب ضروری، به ویژه اسیدهای چرب امگا 3 است. این مطالعه با هدف ارزیابی اثر سطوح مختلف کلرید سدیم و برگ‌پاشی اسپرمین، اسپرمیدین و پوترسین بر عملکرد دانه و غلظت عناصر غذایی برگ و ریشه در گیاه کاملینا انجام گرفت.
مواد و روش‌ها: آزمایش در اسفندماه سال 1400 به صورت فاکتوریل بر پایه طرح کاملا تصادفی به صورت کشت گلدانی با 12 تیمار و 3 تکرار اجرا گردید. تیمار تنش شوری با آب دریاچه ‌ارومیه در سه سطح (صفر، 15، 30 دسی زیمنس بر متر) بود. تیمار محلول‌پاشی در 4 سطح 1- محلول‌پاشی با اسپرمین (2 میلی‌مولار)، 2- محلول‌پاشی با اسپرمیدین (2 میلی‌مولار)، 3- محلول‌پاشی با پوترسین (2 میلی‌مولار) و شاهد (عدم محلول‌پاشی) بود که زمان اعمال محلول‌پاشی بعد از استقرار سه گیاهچه‌ در گلدان و رسیدن به مرحله چهار برگی هر 3 روز یکبار (در مجموع در 6 مرحله) انجام گرفت. در انتهای فصل رشد گیاه کاملینا برای محاسبه عملکرد دانه، بذرهای موجود در کپسول‌های سه بوته هر گلدان جدا و وزن گردید. تجزیه و تحلیل آماری داده‌ها با استفاده از نرم‌افزار SAS (نسخه 1/9) و MATATC انجام و مقایسه میانگین‌ها نیز توسط آزمون توکی در سطح پنج درصد انجام شد. همچنین برای ترسیم نمودارها از برنامه Excel استفاده شد.

یافته‌ها: نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد تنش شوری 30 و 15 دسی زیمنس بر متر در مقایسه با تیمار بدون شوری به‌ترتیب پتاسیم برگ (52 و 17 درصد)، پتاسیم ریشه (44 و 37 درصد)، منیزیم برگ (50 و 28 درصد)، منیزیم ریشه (56 و 24 درصد)، روی برگ (58 و 47 درصد)، روی ریشه (39 و 29 درصد)، آهن برگ (10 و 2 درصد)، آهن ریشه (57 و 23 درصد) و عملکرد دانه را (52 و 10 درصد) کاهش داد ولی مقدار سدیم برگ (89 و 82 درصد)، سدیم ریشه (39 و 11 درصد)، کلسیم برگ (14 و 6 درصد) و کلسیم ریشه را (76 و 28 درصد) افزایش داد. همچنین تنش شوری به دلیل افزایش مقدار سدیم و کاهش پتاسیم باعث کاهش نسبت جذب پتاسیم به سدیم شد ولی نسبت کلسیم به مجموع سدیم و پتاسیم ریشه و برگ را افزایش داد. در تمام سطوح شوری محلول‌پاشی با پلی‌آمین‌ها با کاهش مقدار سدیم برگ و ریشه باعث افزایش مقدار پتاسیم برگ و ریشه، منیزیم برگ و ریشه، روی برگ و ریشه، آهن برگ و ریشه شد. همچنین محلول‌پاشی با اسپرمین، اسپرمیدین و پوترسین، در مقایسه با بدون محلول‌پاشی، به‌ترتیب عملکرد دانه را به میزان 32، 8 و 21 درصد افزایش داد.
نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد محلول‌پاشی با اسپرمین، اسپرمیدین و پوترسین با بهبود جذب عناصر پرمصرف و کم مصرف ریشه و برگ، افزایش نسبت پتاسیم به سدیم و نسبت کلسیم به مجموع سدیم و پتاسیم ریشه و برگ توانست اثرات تنش شوری را تعدیل داده و باعث بهبود عملکرد دانه کاملینا در شرایط تنش شوری شد و از کاهش بیش از حد عملکرد دانه جلوگیری کرد بنابراین محلول‌پاشی با پلی‌آمین‌ها به عنوان راهکاری موثر در کاهش خسارت ناشی از تنش شوری در گیاه کاملینا معرفی می‌گردد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of effect of salinity stress and foliar spraying of spermine, spermidine and putrescine on leaf and root nutrients in Camelina

نویسندگان [English]

  • Esmaeil Gholinezhad 1
  • Bakhtiar Lalehgani 2
  • Shahryar Kazemi 2
1 Associate professor, Department of Agricultural Sciences, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
2 Assistant professor, Department of Agricultural Sciences, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Background and Objectives: Soil salinity, especially in arid and semi-arid regions, is one of the factors that limit the growth of plants. Excessive accumulation of sodium and chloride ions leads to reduced growth and imbalance of nutrients. The use of exogenous polyamines, including putrescine, spermidine and spermine, is considered as an effective method not only in determining their role in response to salinity, but also as a way to increase plant resistance to salinity. Camelina is an oilseed product of the Brassica family, which contains other bioactive compounds such as flavonoids and phenolic products and as a new source of essential fatty acids, especially omega-3 fatty acids. This study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the effect of different levels of sodium chloride and foliar spraying of spermine, spermidine and putrescine on seed yield and the concentration of leaf and root nutrients in Camelina plant.
Materials and methods: The experiment was carried out in March 2022 as factorial design based on a completely random design (CRD) in the form of pot culture with 12 treatments and 3 replications. The salinity stress treatment was with Urmia lake water at three levels (0, 15, 30 ds/m). Foliar treatment at 4 levels 1- Foliar spraying with spermine (2 mM), 2- Foliar spraying with spermidine (2 mM), 3- Foliar spraying with putrescine (2 mM) and control (no foliar spraying). The application time of foliar spraying was done every 3 days (totally in 6 stages) after establishing three seedlings in the pot and reaching the four-leaf stage. At the end of the Camelina plant growth season, to calculate the seed yield, the seeds in the capsules of three plants in each pot were separated and weighed. Statistical analysis of data was done using SAS software (version 9.1) and MATATC, and comparison of means was also done by Tukey's test at the five percent level. Excel program was also used to draw graphs.
Results: The results of this research showed that the salt stress was 30 and 15 ds/m compared to the treatment without salt decreased leaf potassium (52 and 17%), root potassium (44 and 37%), leaf magnesium (50 and 28%), root magnesium (56 and 24%), leaf zinc (58 and 47%), root zinc (39 and 29%), leaf iron (10 and 2%), root iron (57 and 23%) and seed yield (52 and 10%), but it increased the amount of leaf sodium (89 and 82%), root sodium (39 and 11%), leaf calcium (14 and 6%) and root calcium (76 and 28%), respectively. Also, salinity stress caused a decrease in the ratio of potassium to sodium absorption, but increased the ratio of calcium to the sum of sodium and potassium in the roots and leaves due to the increase in the amount of sodium and the decrease in potassium. At all salinity levels, foliar spraying with polyamines increased leaf and root potassium, leaf and root magnesium, leaf and root zinc, leaf and root iron, by reducing the amount of sodium in leaves and roots. Also, foliar spraying with spermine, spermidine and putrescine compared to no foliar spraying, increased the seed yield by 32, 8 and 21%, respectively.

Conclusion: The results of this research showed that foliar spraying with spermine, spermidine and putrescine by improving the absorption of macro and micro elements in roots and leaves, increasing the ratio of potassium to sodium and the ratio of calcium to total sodium and potassium in roots and leaves could moderate the effects of salinity stress and improve the seed yield of camellia under salinity stress conditions and it prevented excessive reduction in seed yield.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Camelina
  • Elements
  • Polyamine
  • Salt Stress
  • Seed Yield

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مجله مدیریت خاک و تولید پایدار
دوره 13، شماره 3
مهر 1402
صفحه 1-24

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