اثر اسیدهای هیومیک استخراج شده از منابع آلی بر اشکال نیتروژن، فسفر و پتاسیم قابل دسترس در یک خاک آهکی

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد ،گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک- دانشکده کشاورزی- دانشگاه رازی- کرمانشاه- ایران

2 استادیار، گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک- دانشکده کشاورزی- دانشگاه رازی- کرمانشاه- ایران

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: بررسی‌ها نشان می‌دهد در بیش از 60 درصد از اراضی زیر کشت کشور، میزان کربن آلی کمتر از 1 درصد بوده و به دلیل آهکی بودن اغلب خاک‌ها، عناصر غذایی به شکل نا‌محلول و غیر قابل جذب برای گیاه هستند. یکی از راهکارهای موثر در این شرایط استفاده از اسید هیومیک است که به دلیل آن که بخش فعال منابع آلی محسوب می‌شود، کارایی استفاده بالاتری نسبت به سایر کود‌های آلی دارد. این ترکیب از منابع طبیعی بسیار متنوعی نظیر خاک، کمپوست، لئوناردایت (لیگنایت ‌اکسید‌شده)، رسوبات دریاچه‌ها و رودخانه‌ها، پیت و انواع زغال سنگ‌ها استخراج می‌شود.
مواد و روش‌ها: در مطالعه حاضر ابتدا اسید هیومیک از پنج منبع آلی (کمپوست کود گاوی، کمپوست زباله شهری، ورمی‌کمپوست، کود گوسفندی و کود مرغی) استخراج شد. سپس، اثر سطوح غلظتی 0، 25/0، 5/0 و 1 گرم اسید هیومیک در کیلو‌گرم خاک بر اشکال نیتروژن، فسفر و پتاسیم قابل دسترس در یک خاک آهکی در شرایط انکوباسیون (دمای 25 درجه سانتیگراد و رطوبت ظرفیت زراعی) به مدت 70 روز مورد بررسی قرار گرفت.
یافته‌ها: بیشترین و کمترین مقدار نیتروژن، فسفر و پتاسیم به ترتیب مربوط به منابع آلی کود مرغی و ورمی‌کمپوست بود.
اثر نوع و غلظت‌های مختلف اسید هیومیک استخراج شده از منابع آلی بر نیترات و آمونیوم، فسفر و پتاسیم قابل دسترس خاک در سطح احتمال یک درصد معنی‌دار شد (01/0 > P). بالا‌ترین مقدار نیترات در سطح 1 گرم در کیلوگرم اسید هیومیک کود مرغی (53/234 میلی‌گرم در کیلوگرم ) حدود 10 برابر مقدار آن در نمونه شاهد (97/23 میلی‌گرم در کیلوگرم) و بالاترین مقدار آمونیوم در سطح 1 اسید هیومیک استخراج شده از کود مرغی (48/144 میلی‌گرم در کیلوگرم) تقریباً 5 برابر مقدار آن در شاهد (92/30 میلی‌گرم در کیلوگرم) بود. بیشترین مقدار فسفر قابل دسترس در اسید هیومیک 1 گرم در کیلوگرم کود مرغی (40/25 میلی‌گرم در کیلوگرم) حاصل شد که حدود 8/1 برابر مقدار شاهد (91/13 میلی‌گرم در کیلوگرم) بود. بیشترین مقدار پتاسیم قابل دسترس در سطح 5/0 اسید هیومیک کود گوسفندی (19/472 میلی‌گرم در کیلوگرم) حدودا 2/1 برابر مقدار شاهد (69/394 میلی‌گرم در کیلوگرم) بود.
نتیجه‌گیری: به طور کلی نتایج نشان داد با افزایش غلظت اسید‌های هیومیک قابلیت دسترسی عناصر در خاک افزایش یافت. بیشترین اثر بر قابلیت دسترسی عناصر در خاک در اسید هیومیک کود مرغی و در سطح 1 گرم در کیلوگرم خاک مشاهده شد. به منظور تحلیل بهتر و شناخت تاثیر واقعی اسید هیومیک بهتر است در مطالعات آتی محتوای نیتروژن، فسفر و پتاسیم و همینطور سایر خصوصیات اسید هومیک‌ها هم اندازه‌گیری شوند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Impact of humic acids extracted from organic sources on the nitrogen forms, available phosphorus and potassium in a calcareous soil

نویسندگان [English]

  • Simin Khosravi 1
  • Sareh Nezami 2
  • Akram Fatemi 2
1 Soil Science and Engineering Department- College of Agriculture- Razi University-Kermanshah-Iran
2 Soil science and engineering department- College of agriculture- Razi university- Kermanshah- Iran
چکیده [English]

Background and Objectives: More than 60% of the country's soils have less than 1% organic matter. Due to the calcareous nature of most soils, nutrients are insoluble and therefor not absorbed by the plants. One of the effective solutions in this situation is the use of humic acid, because it is the active part of the organic resources and has a higher utilization efficiency than other organic fertilizers. This compound is extracted from various natural sources such as soil, compost, Leonardite (oxidized lignite), sediments, peat and different types of coal.
Materials and Methods: In the present study, humic acid was first extracted from five organic sources (cow manure compost, urban waste compost, vermicompost, sheep manure and poultry manure). Then, added at 5 concentration levels (0, 0.25, 0.5 and 1 g of humic acid per kg of soil) to a calcareous soil under incubation condition (temperature of 25°C and field capacity moisture). After 70 days, forms of nitrogen, available phosphorus and potassium were determined.
Results: The highest and lowest amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were observed in poultry manure and vermicompost, respectively. The effect of different types and concentrations of extracted humic acid on soil nitrate, ammonium, available phosphorus and potassium was significant at the probability level of 1% (P < 0.01). The highest value of nitrate was found at the level of 1 g kg-1 of humic acid of poultry manure (234.53 mg kg-1) which was about 10 times more than the control (23.97 mg kg-1). The highest value of ammonium at the level of 1 humic acid extracted from poultry manure (144.48 mg kg-1) was approximately 5 times more than the control (30.92 mg kg-1). The maximum value of available phosphorus in humic acid 1 g kg-1 of poultry manure (25.40 mg kg-1) was about 1.8 times more than the control (13.91 mg kg-1) and the highest value of available potassium at the level of 0.5 humic acid of sheep manure (472.47 mg kg-1) was approximately 1.2 times more than the control (394.69 mg kg-1).
Conclusion: In general, results showed that with increasing the concentration levels of humic acids, the available forms of nutrients increased in the soil. The greatest effect on the availability of nutrients in the soil was observed in humic acid extracted from poultry manure at the level of 1 g kg-1 soil. In order to better analyzing and understanding the real effect of humic acid, it is better to measure the contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium and other characteristics of humic acids in future studies.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Growth stimulant
  • Macronutrients
  • Calcareous soil
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