تحلیل فرسایندگی بادهای ایستگاه‎های سینوپتیک استان کرمان با استفاده از گل‎باد، گل‎طوفان و گل‎ماسه

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان

2 دانشیار گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان،

3 دانشیار گروه مهندسی آب، واحد کرمان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، کرمان، ایران،

4 استاد گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان

چکیده

چکیده
سابقه و هدف: فرسایش بادی یکی از مهمترین جنبه‌های تخریب اراضی در مناطق خشک و نیمه‌خشک نظیر استان کرمان ‎محسوب می‌شود. مهمترین عوامل فرساینده مؤثر در فرسایش بادی و تولید رسوب، جهت و سرعت باد هستند. هدف پژوهش حاضر، تجزیه و تحلیل بادهای فرساینده به‌منظور تعیین جهت غالب بادهای طوفان‎زا و همچنین بررسی وضعیت و پتانسیل فرسایش بادی در مناطق مختلف استان کرمان در بازه 8 تا 11 ساله می‎باشد.
مواد و روش‎ها: در این پژوهش، داده‎های 12 ایستگاه‎ سینوپتیک استان کرمان طی یک دوره آماری 8 تا 11 ساله مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت. در این راستا با استفاده از نرم‌افزار WR Plot View، تحلیل و رسم گل‎بادها و گل‎طوفان‎های ایستگاه‎های منتخب استان انجام شد. از طرفی، گل‌ماسه‌های ایستگاه‌های مورد مطالعه نیز با استفاده از نرم‌افزارSand Rose Graph 3 رسم و شاخص‌های مختلف حمل ماسه و جهت حمل رسوب تعیین شد.
یافته‎ها: نتایج حاصل از تحلیل گل‎باد سالانه استان کرمان نشان داد که به‌طور کلی، در نیمه غربی استان، بادهای غربی و جنوب غربی و در نیمه شرقی، بادهای شمالی فراوانی بیش‎تری دارند. نتایج تحلیل گل‌طوفان گویای این مطلب بود که فرساینده‎ترین بادها در اغلب ایستگاه‎ها عمدتاً از جهت‎های غرب و جنوب غرب وزیده و تنها در ایستگاه‌های بم و شهداد از جهت شمال و در ایستگاه زرند از جهت‌های جنوب غرب و شمال شرق وزیده است. طبق این تحلیل، ایستگاه‌های جیرفت، سیرجان و کهنوج به‌ترتیب با 9/94، 0/8 و 0/12 درصد بیشترین درصد فراوانی باد را در کلاس‌های سرعت 7/6≥، 7/6 تا 7/7 و 7/7 تا 8/9 متر بر ثانیه به خود اختصاص دادند. در کلاس‌های سرعت بالاتر یعنی 8/9 تا 8/11، 8/11 تا 9/13 و 9/13≤ متر بر ثانیه، ایستگاه رفسنجان به‌ترتیب با 9/10، 0/5 و 1/4 درصد، بیشترین فراوانی را در بین همه ایستگاه‌ها داشت. تحلیل جهت بردار برآیند حمل ماسه (RDD ) نشان داد که جهت حرکت ماسه در ایستگاه‎‎های واقع در نیمه غربی استان عمدتاً به‌سمت شرق و شمال شرق و در ایستگاه زرند از شمال غربی به جنوب شرقی و در ایستگاه‌های شهداد و بم از سمت شمال به سمت جنوب است. کم‎‎ترین‎‎ مقادیر کل توان حمل ماسه (DPt ) مربوط به ایستگاه‎‎های بافت و جیرفت به‌ترتیب با 398 و 400 واحد برداری و بیش‎‎ترین مقدار آن متعلق به ایستگاه رفسنجان با 1665 واحد برداری بود. به جز ایستگاه‎‎های بافت و جیرفت که دارای قدرت فرسایشی متوسطی ‎بودند، در سایر ایستگاه‌ها قدرت فرسایش بادی بالا بود. تحلیل شاخص همگنی جهت باد (UDI ) نیز نشان داد که به استثنای دو ایستگاه جیرفت و زرند که بادها، دارای تغییرپذیری زیاد و چند جهته ‎هستند در سایر ایستگاه‎ها، تغییرپذیری بادها متوسط و دو جهته با زاویه منفرجه ‎است.
نتیجه‎گیری: یافته‌های این پژوهش نشان داد که هرچند تحلیل فرسایندگی باد اطلاعات ارزشمندی در خصوص وضعیت فرسایش بادی و حمل ذرات رسوب بدست می‌دهد، ولی برای تحلیل واقعی‌تر فرسایش بادی استان لازم است داده‌های مربوط به سرعت آستانه فرسایش بادی و نیز فرسایش‌پذیری خاک‌ها نیز مورد توجه و استفاده قرار گیرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Analysis of wind erosivity at synoptic stations of Kerman province using wind rose, storm rose and sand rose

نویسندگان [English]

  • Samira Zamani 1
  • Majid Mahmoodabadi 2
  • Najme Yazdanpanah 3
  • Mohammad Hady Farpoor 4
1 Department of Soil Science, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman
2 Department of Soil Science, Agriculture Faculty, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman
3 Islamic Azad University, Kerman Branch
4 Academic Staff
چکیده [English]

Abstract
Background and Objectives: Wind erosion is one of the most important land degradation aspects especially in arid and semi-arid regions such as Kerman province. Wind direction and speed are two important erosive factors affecting wind erosion and sediment yield. The purpose of this study was to analyze the erosive winds of the province in order to determine the direction of predominant winds and the status and the potential of wind erosion during different periods of 8 to 11 years.
Materials and Methods: In this study, wind anemometric data for 8-11 y periods were analyzed using 12 synoptic stations in Kerman province. For this purpose, the WR Plot View software was applied in order to analyze the anemometer data and draw wind roses and storm roses of the selected synoptic stations of the province. Moreover, the sand roses of the studied stations were plotted using the Sand Rose Graph 3 software, accordingly different sand drift potential and direction indices were derived.
Results: The results of wind rose analysis generally indicated that the western and southwestern winds dominated in the western part of the province, whereas the northern winds were more frequent in the eastern part. Storm rose analysis showed that in most stations, the highest erosive winds were mainly blown from the west and south west directions, while at Bam and Shahdad stations the north and at Zarand the southwest and northeast winds were predominate. According to this analysis, the most frequent winds at the speed classes of ≤6.7, 6.7-7.7, and 7.7-9.8 m s-1 were allocated to Jiroft (94.9%), Sirjan (8.0%) and Kahnooj (12.0%) stations, respectively. Among all the stations, Rafsanjan with 10.9%, 5.0%, and 4.1% showed the most frequent winds at the higher speed classes of 9.8-11.8, 11.8-13.9, and ≥13.9 m s-1, respectively. The analysis of resultant drift direction (RDD) implied that sand transport for the western stations of the province was mainly toward east and northeast directions, for Zarand station was from northwest to southeast and for Shahdad and Bam stations was from north to south directions. The minimum amount of total drift potential (DPt) was found at Baft and Jirof stations by 398 and 400 v.u., respectively, while Rafsanjan station with 1665 v.u. experienced the highest value of this index. Except for Baft and Jiroft stations with moderate wind potential, the other stations showed high wind potentials. The analysis of uni-directional index (UDI) indicated that except for Jiroft and Zarand stations which had high variability with multi-directional winds, for the other stations moderate variation with bi-directional winds and oblique angle were observed.
Conclusion: It was concluded that although wind erosivity analysis gives valuable information on wind erosion situation and sediment transport, it is necessary to be considered and used the threshold velocity as well as soil erodibility databases in order to achieve a more accurate analysis of wind erosion in the province.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Wind erosion
  • Wind rose
  • Storm rose
  • Sand drift potential
  • Kerman province

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مجله مدیریت خاک و تولید پایدار
دوره 9، شماره 2
تیر 1398
صفحه 23-43

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